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Английский язык
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Disc Brake Noise
Getting rid of an annoying brake squeal and other disc brake noise is like trying to cure a bad case of herpes. You can treat the symptoms and improve the patient's condition. But it is virtually impossible to eliminate the underlying cause. Fortunately brake noise is not caused by a virus. It is caused by a combination of factors that sometimes add up to create noise.
Brake squeal is really a high frequency vibration. In disc brakes it can be caused by vibrations between the pads and rotors, the pads and calipers, or the calipers and their mounts. Noise can be produced by a brake rotor in a test lab has been captured electronically and converted into a color graphic. The red areas are producing the loudest noise while the green areas are producing the least noise.
In drum brakes the vibrations can originate between the shoes and drums, or between the shoes and backing plates.
We can't say why brake noise is so annoying. It just is. To some people, it has the same effect as scraping your fingernails across a blackboard. They can't stand it, even if it is "normal" for many vehicles today. Most people want nice, quiet brakes that stop smoothly with a reassuring "shhhhh" sound. No scraping noises. No high pitched squeals that would make a dog howl. No concerned looks or stares from passengers, other motorists or nearby pedestrians who wonder if the vehicle is going to stop or not.
Disc brake noise can also be worrisome to many people because they fear something is wrong with their brakes and their vehicle might not be safe to drive. Noise may indicate trouble, but the only way to know for sure is to inspect the brakes. If you find nothing amiss (no worn linings or loose, damaged or missing parts) then you can try any or all of the following measures to deal with the noise problem:
ü Dampen the pads
ü Lubricate the calipers
ü Replace the caliper hardware (slides, pins or bushings)
ü Replace the pads
ü Resurface the rotors
ü Clean the brakes (drums)
One way to quiet noisy pads is to make sure the pads fit tightly in the calipers. If the pads on a single piston caliper have mounting ears or tabs that need to be bent or hammered to hold the pad in position make sure the pad can't be wiggled by hand. If the pads have clips, shims or antirattle springs make sure the necessary hardware is in place and properly installed. If you see no such items when you inspect the brakes do not assume that none are needed. It is always a good idea to look up an illustration or parts list for the brake system to make sure all the required parts are there.
If the pads are installed correctly but are still noisy one of the least expensive and most effective ways to quiet them is to remove the pads and install insulator shims on the backs of the pads. The shims which are usually self-adhesive act like little seat cushions to dampen vibrations between the pad and caliper.
Another option is to apply a noise suppressing compound to the backs of the pads. Some compounds harden to a rubber-like consistency to cushion the pads. Another good choice is to apply a moly-based brake lubricant to the backs of the pads. Brake lubricant is long lasting and
won't burn or wash off like brake grease can. If applying a lubricant to the backs of the pads, be careful not to get any on the front side of the pads or rotor.
2. Выпишите из текста предложения в Passive Voice и переведите их.
3. Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие Participle I и Participle II, переведите их.
4. Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие Gerund, переведите их.
5. Найдите в тексте словосочетания, содержащие наречия и прилагательные. Определите степень сравнения наречия.
6. Выпишите из текста словосочетания, содержащие определение, выраженное:
1) прилагательным
2) числительным
3) местоимением
4) существительным в общем падеже
5) существительным с предлогом
7. Заполните пропуски:
1) make _____ the necessary _____ is in _____
2) _____ scraping _____
3) brake _____ is long _____
4) by _____ between the _____ and _____
5) improve the _____ condition
8. Disc brake noise can also be worrisome to many people because they fear something is wrong with their brakes and their vehicle might not be safe to drive.
Задайте 8 вопросов к данному предложению.
9. Дайте ответы на вопросы:
1) What is brake noise caused?
2) Where can the vibrations originate in drum brakes?
3) Why can disc brake noise be worrisome to many people?
4) What are measures dealing with the noise problem?
5) What should you do with correctly installed but still noisy pads?
6) What are shims like?
7) What is necessary in applying a lubricant to the backs of the pads?