Размещено 4 года назад по предмету
Английский язык
от PinapRUS
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Global catastrophes.
Global catastrophic risks are risks that seriously threaten human well-being on a global scale. Global catastrophes have occurred many times in history, even if we only count disasters causing more than 10 million deaths. A very partial list of examples includes the An Shi Rebellion (756-763), the Taping Rebellion (1851-1864), and the famine of the Great Leap Forward in China, the Black Death in Europe, the Spanish flu pandemic, the two World Wars, the Nazi genocides, the famines in British India, Stalinist totalitarianism, and the decimation of the native American population through smallpox.
The Chernobyl accident occurred on April 26, 1986, at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the Ukraine which used to be the part of the Soviet Union that time. The Chernobyl accident was clearly a major disaster for the whole humanity. The accident produced a huge plume of radioactive debris that drifted over parts of the western Soviet Union, Eastern and Northern Europe, the UK, and even eastern USA. More than 300,000 people were evacuated and resettled. But many people remained to live on the contaminated grounds, some people who were evacuated returned and still live in the 30 km zone.
AIDS is an acronym for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and is thought to be caused primarily by a virus that invades white blood cells (lymphocytes) and certain other body cells including the brain. Although treatments for both AIDS and HIV exist to slow the virus' progression in a human patient, there is no known cure. AIDS is thought to have originated in sub-Saharan Africa during the twentieth century and is now a global epidemic. HIV may not produce illness until its genes are «turned on» five, ten, fifteen or perhaps more years after the initial infection. There are several types of AIDS. No one has been cured up to the present moment.
World's drug problem is growing. The highest increase in drug use is among teenagers. Most young drug-users say that they listen more to what their friends say about drugs than to what the media say about drugs.
The number of young males taking drugs is higher than the number of young females. Many teenagers try drugs as a "dare". The health authority has put the number of their drugs helpline in a lot of places. The people at the helpline advise people what to do if they have a drug problem or need more information about the dangers of drugs.
Biological warfare is the use of any bacteria, virus or other disease-causing organism or toxin found in nature, as a weapon of war to incapacitate or kill an adversary. Biological warfare has been practiced repeatedly throughout human history. Chemical warfare is a military operation using the toxic properties of chemical substances to kill, injure or incapacitate this a military operation using the toxic properties of chemical substances. For many terrorist organizations, chemical weapons might be considered an ideal choice for a mode of attack, if they are available: they are cheap, relatively-accessible, and easy to transport.
People have always polluted their surroundings. But until now pollution was not such a serious problem. People lived in uncrowned rural areas and did not have pollution — causing machines. With the development of crowded industrial cities which put huge amounts of pollutants into small areas, the problem has become more important. Air, water, and soil are necessary for existence of all living things. But polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted water kills fish and other marine life. On polluted soil, food cannot be grown. In addition environmental pollution spoils the natural beauty of our planet. Individuals and groups of people can work together to persuade enterprises to stop polluting activities.
The reason of all global catastrophes is a man and only he can stop them.