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READING
1. Read the following text. Think the information over. Be ready to say what you agree on and what you disagree.
The Presenting
To write simply is as difficult as to be good
W.Somerset Maugham
The best presentations seem effortless, but a lot of hard work goes into making them appear so simple. To produce a clear and concise piece of writing, you must write, rewrite, edit and polish your work extensively. When you begin to write a speech, it is easiest to choose a subject of personal meaning to you. (Of course, it should have some appeal to the audience, too). Our appreciation of the material we are presenting comes through in an enthusiastic, convincing presentation.
Research your topic thoroughly.
Accumulate all the information you can (much more than you will need), including facts, statistics, quotes, anecdotes, etc. Write the information, down freestyle, in no particular order, until you feel you have covered the topic to your satisfaction. Read it over and decide what your message will be. Every speech should leave the listener with one provocative thought – but only one. A good speech has a single theme, a clear and consistent point of view that is supported with logically presented facts and information. This gives us the speech structure – a route to follow to a particular destination. We should make sure to tell the audience what the plan is by informing them early in the speech what our message will be. They can then settle back comfortably and wait for our supporting documentation.
Organize the material into three or four points that factually support the message you plan to deliver. You want to present a logical case for your point of view. This is when the information you have painstakingly researched comes into play. Use definitions, quotes, specific examples or other means to explain your position. Order the points from least important to most important – building to a strong climax. Sum up with a restatement of the theme. "Rewriting is the essence of writing," says William Zinsser in his book, On Writing Well: "Professional writers rewrite their sentences repeatedly and then rewrite what they have rewritten...Most people's first drafts can be cut by 50 percent – they are swollen with words and phrases that do no new work whatever." This is where you have to clean up your prose. Only give as much information as is needed to make your point – not one word more. It is difficult to cut out your favorite words or phrases (they sound so good!), but it is always necessary to trim your talk. A good motto is, if in doubt, cut it out. Use active verbs, short words and sentences to get the message across neatly. Your ideas should ring with common sense and sound plausible. Do not write phrases you would not normally say. Avoid clichés and cluttered language. For example, instead of saying, "At the present time, we are experiencing precipitation," say, "It is raining." "Fighting clutter is like fighting weeds," Zinsser says, "the writer is always slightly behind." H. L. Mencken said, "0.8 percent of the human race is capable of writing something that is instantly understandable." Writing helps us think clearly. Revising helps us rethink. We constantly have to ask ourselves, "Am I saying what I want to say?" The answer is often no. It is a struggle to decide which words are best suited for a particular purpose: which ones to include and exclude, and then to arrange them in the best possible form to achieve clarity in the most economical way. Don't try to do it all in one sitting.
Put your work away for a day and then look at it again with a fresh perspective. Edit it again for clarity, simplicity and brevity. It is the successful rewriting and rethinking that molds your writing into the sharpest declaration of your views. All you need to write a speech is something specific you want to say. The challenge is to say it well.
2.Using the information above prepare a plan of your working with presentation:
• you can _______________________________________________.
• you should_____________________________________________.
• you mustn't____________________________________________.
• you have to____________________________________________.
you may_______________________________________________.
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